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Leonotis nepetifolia

(L.) R.Br. (1811)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Leonotis

lion's ear

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Coarse annual herbs.

Stems: Stems 10–25 dm long, deeply furrowed and puberulent.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades oblong–ovate to ovate, 4.5–8.5(–12) cm long, 2–5(–9.5) cm wide, lower ones up to ca. 20 cm long and ca. 15 cm wide. Apex acute to acuminate. Base rounded to truncate. Surfaces puberulent; blades membranous. Margins coarsely crenate–serrate. Petioles 2–7.5 cm long, those of lower leaves up to ca. 10 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in dense globose verticillasters, 2–8 per stem, bracts linear-lanceolate, apex spinose. Calyx actinomorphic, usually bilabiate, narrowly funnelform, 1.2–1.5 cm long, enlarging to 1.5–2.3 cm long in fruit, slightly curved during anthesis, 8–9-toothed, the teeth unequal, spinose, puberulent toward base, becoming hirsute above, splitting longitudinally, usually persistent or sometimes only ventral 1/2 persistent. Corolla zygomorphic, bilabiate, tubular, orange, 2–2.8 cm long, upper lip arched, 1–1.2 cm long, densely pubescent with orange hairs externally; nectary disk symmetrical. Stamens 4; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; ovules 1 per ovary lobe, placentation basal-axile; style 1, subulate; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Nutlets 1-seeded; dull black; oblong–obovoid; 2.5–4 mm long. Seeds with endosperm absent or scanty and oily.

Ploidy: 2n = 24; 26; 28

Habitat: Introduced as an ornamental and for use in dry floral arrangements; now naturalized in low elevation; dry to occasionally wet; disturbed habitats.

Elevation Range: 15–300 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Kaho'olawe Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean

Pollinators

Specimens

Bibliography

Name Published In: W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 3: 409 (1811)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:803 (K, O, M, H); Oppenheimer 2003:14 (Mo); Staples & Herbst 2005:356 (KEY), 365 (DESCR); Oppenheimer 2010:36 (L); Starr & Starr 2017:5 (Ka)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Maunalei Gulch dry, disturbed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Perlman, S. Collector Number: H50808 Lanai BISH 5/29/2008
2 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Mt. Kaala, NE slope Medrosideros forest, open PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Whittier, H.O. 1604 Oahu BISH 10/20/1963
3 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN McGuire, T. Oahu BISH 6/15/1964
4 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Makakilo Gulch with Kiawe and mixed grasses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Leu, M. 59 Oahu BISH 12/4/1987
5 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Kaunakakai Edge of rd in Prosopis thicket. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H70118 Molokai BISH 7/14/2001
6 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. gully below pahala, kau district PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 846 Oahu BISH 8/2/1981
7 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Mahukona roadside, in arid, hot, Prosopis-grassland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 937 Hawaii BISH 2/19/1968
8 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. hanapepe valley. ko road Common. To three ft. Corolla orange. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN flynn, t. collector number: 988 Kauai BISH 1/28/1985
9 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN McGuire, T. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/15/1964
10 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Haleiwa, Kawailoa Road SE of Camp roadside waste ground PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mäkinen, L. 66-645 Oahu BISH 4/23/1966
11 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Batis meadow W of Deep Draft Harbor, Ewa other introduced wayside plants PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Funk, E.J. 405 Oahu BISH 5/1/1990
12 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Kalaupapa; base of lighthouse stairs, rock wall PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wysong, M.L. 616 Molokai BISH 2/8/2005
13 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Kohala outside of plantation village, beside the road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bond, K.D. s.n. Hawaii BISH 1/15/1962
14 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. diamond head crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN lennstrom, h. collector number: 1994-117 Oahu BISH 6/26/1994
15 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Waialua roadsides and moist places PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 19220 Oahu BISH 4/28/1948
16 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Ahihi-Kinau Natural Area Reserve, Makena-Keoneoio road Pockets of vegetation in a'a lava and at roadside. One plant on the edge of the road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Abbott, I.A. 91.66 Maui BISH 3/6/1991
17 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Kahuku Plantation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s.n. Oahu BISH 7/3/1942
18 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. naalehu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. degener, i. collector number: 30813 Oahu BISH 5/24/1966
19 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Maunalei Gulch dry, disturbed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H50808 Lanai BISH 5/29/2008
20 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. kalaupapa; base of lighthouse stairs, rock wall PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wysong, m.l. collector number: 616 Lanai BISH 2/8/2005
21 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Naalehu abandoned field PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 30813 Hawaii BISH 5/24/1966
22 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. kaunakakai Found loose, brought in on current.. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h70118 Midway Atoll BISH 7/14/2001
23 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. maunalei gulch dry, disturbed PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. perlman, s. collector number: h50808 Lanai BISH 5/29/2008
24 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. ahihi-kinau natural area reserve, makena-keoneoio road Growing at edge of paved driveway. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN abbott, i.a. norris, f.m. collector number: 91.66 Maui BISH 3/6/1991
25 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. ewa beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bennett, t. collector number: prc176 Oahu BISH 2/24/1982
26 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Gully below Pahala, Kau District Growing with Guinea grass and kiawe trees on side of gully in pastureland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. Collector Number: 846 Hawaii BISH 8/2/1981
27 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. diamond head PRESERVED_SPECIMEN corn, c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 5/5/1984
28 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. mt. kaala, ne slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN whittier, h.o. collector number: 1604 Hawaii BISH 10/20/1963
29 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. kohala outside of plantation village, beside the road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN bond, k.d. Hawaii BISH 1/15/1962
30 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. kahuku plantation running wild in cane fields PRESERVED_SPECIMEN denison, f.c. Oahu BISH 7/3/1942
31 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Wahiawa volcanic PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Beckham, N. 68 Oahu BISH 4/20/1967
32 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. batis meadow w of deep draft harbor, ewa other introduced wayside plants PRESERVED_SPECIMEN funk, e.j. lee, m.; b.ching collector number: 405 Oahu BISH 5/1/1990
33 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. makakilo gulch with Kiawe and mixed grasses PRESERVED_SPECIMEN leu, m. collector number: 59 Oahu BISH 12/4/1987
34 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Gully below Pahala, Kau District Growing with Guinea grass and kiawe trees on side of gully in pastureland. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 846 Hawaii BISH 8/2/1981
35 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Hanapepe Valley. Ko Road Common. To three ft. Corolla orange. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. 988 Kauai BISH 1/28/1985
36 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. wahiawa volcanic PRESERVED_SPECIMEN beckham, n. collector number: 68 Oahu BISH 4/20/1967
37 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Kaunakakai Edge of rd in Prosopis thicket. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H70118 Molokai BISH 7/14/2001
38 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. kahuku plantation PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oahu BISH 7/3/1942
39 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Diamond Head crater Dry & disturbed. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lennstrom, H. 1994-117 Oahu BISH 6/26/1994
40 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Kahuku Plantation running wild in cane fields PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Denison, F.C. s.n. Oahu BISH 7/3/1942
41 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. kapaa, wailua houselots, eggerking road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN n. tangalin 1326 MICH 5/30/2007
42 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Diamond Head PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Corn, C. s.n. Oahu BISH 5/5/1984
43 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Ewa Beach unused land between houses and sugar cane field in sunnier areas PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Davis, J. 84 Oahu BISH 2/23/1979
44 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. ewa beach unused land between houses and sugar cane field in sunnier areas PRESERVED_SPECIMEN davis, j. collector number: 84 Oahu BISH 2/23/1979
45 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. hanapepe overlook on highway 50. waialeale mountains. Lawn grass PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. starratt 370 IND 3/27/1980
46 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. kauai island: kekaha, just n of town on road to waimea canyon PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. t. beck 1211 NY 8/10/1990
47 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. waipahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN collector unknown mitchell s.n. Oahu US 4/11/1985
48 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Lawai Valley. National Tropical Botanical Garden. Near rock pile at turn on tram route near nursery. Secondary vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 7155 Kauai PTBG 11/17/2008
49 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. In Nawilwili, on the south side of Kapena street. Growing on the roadside at the crest sloping down into a ravine with alien forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kelsey Brock 735 Kauai PTBG 9/30/2015
50 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Hanapepe Valley. Ko Road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 988 Kauai PTBG 1/28/1985
51 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Maunalei Gulch. In dry, disturbed areas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H50808 Lanai PTBG 5/29/2008
52 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Kapaa, Wailua Houselots, EggerKing Road. Naturalized on roadside and in empty lot. Collected as part of KISC 2007 Early Detection Roadside Survey. KISC #20070530A004. Photo # P1060216. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 1326 Kauai PTBG 5/30/2007
53 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. naalehu. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & i. degener 30813 Oahu US 5/24/1966
54 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Lahaina. Waste area near skatepark. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H70025 Maui PTBG 7/1/2000
55 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Kaunakakai, edge of road.. Near sea level. In Prosopis thicket. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H70118 Molokai PTBG 7/14/2001
56 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. mahukona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 937 Hawaii US 2/19/1968
57 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. roadside, mahukona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 937 Hawaii US 2/19/1968
58 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. waialua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & a. b. greenwell 19220 Kauai US 4/26/1948
59 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. mahukona roadside, in arid, hot, Prosopis-grassland PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 937 Hawaii BISH 2/19/1968
60 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. waipahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN student at kamehameha Oahu BISH 4/11/1985
61 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. waialua roadsides and moist places PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. greenwell, a. collector number: 19220 Oahu BISH 4/28/1948
62 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. haleiwa, kawailoa road se of camp roadside waste ground PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mäkinen, l. mäkinen, y. collector number: 66-645 Oahu BISH 4/23/1966
63 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Waipahu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Student at Kamehameha s.n. Oahu BISH 4/11/1985
64 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. honolulu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mcguire, t. Molokai BISH 6/15/1964
65 Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Ewa Beach PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Bennett, T. PRC176 Oahu BISH 2/24/1982
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